主标题：专升本英语阅读理解模拟练习(3.30)

　　英语的学习需要长期的积累和训练，考生们一定要经常做题保持题感。今天昇学小编整理了一道专升本英语阅读理解模拟练习，考生们可以做一下，测试一下自己的英语水平吧。

　　When prices are low people will buy more, and when prices are high they will buy less. Every shopkeeper knows this. But at the same time, producers want higher prices for their goods when they make more goods. How can we find the best price for the goods? The Law of Supply and Demand is the economist’s answer to this question.

　　According to this law, changes in the prices of goods cause changes in supply and demand. An increase in the price of the goods causes an increase in supply—the number of goods the producers make. Producers will make more goods when they can get higher prices for the goods. The producer makes more shoes as the price of shoes goes up. At the same time, an increase in the price of the goods causes a decrease in demand—the number of goods the consumers buy. This is because people buy less when the price is high. People buy fewer shoes as the price of shoes goes up.

　　Conversely, a decrease in the price causes an increase in demand (people buy more shoes) and a decrease in supply (producers make fewer shoes). Business firms look at both supply and demand when they make decisions about prices and production. They look for the equilibrium point where supply equals demand.

　　At this point, the number of shoes produced is 3000 and the price of the shoes is$30. $30 is the equilibrium price; at this price the consumers will buy all of the 3000 shoes which the producers make. If the producers increase the price of the shoes, or if they produce more than 3000 shoes, the consumers will not buy all of the shoes. The producers will have a surplus(过剩)—more supply than demand—so they must decrease the price in order to sell all of the shoes.

　　On the other hand, if they make fewer than 3000 shoes, there will be a shoes shortage—more demand than supply—and the price will go up. According to the Law of Supply and Demand, the equilibrium price is the best price for the goods.

　　The consumers and the producers will agree on this price because it is the only price that helps them both equally.

　　问题：

　　1.Why does an increase in price cause an increase in supply?

　　A.Consumers buy more goods when prices are high.

　　B.Producers want to sell all of their goods.

　　C.Producers make more goods when prices are high.

　　D.Consumers will not buy all of the goods.

　　2. Why does a decrease in prices cause an increase in demand?

　　A.Producers make fewer goods when prices are low.

　　B.Consumers buy fewer goods when prices are low.

　　C.Consumers buy more goods when prices are low.

　　D.Producers make more goods when prices are high.

　　3. What do business firms look at when they make decisions about prices and production?

　　A.The equilibrium point.

　　B.The demand curve.

　　C.The supply curve.

　　D.All of the above.

　　4. Why will consumers and producers agree on the equilibrium price?

　　A.It is the only price for the goods.

　　B.It will help them both equally.

　　C.All of the goods will be sold.

　　D.It is the lowest price.

　　参考答案及解析：

　　1、【参考答案】C

　　[考点]事实细节题【精析】C 由第二段第三句可知，当价格上涨，商家看到有利可图时，就会扩大生产，即答案C。

　　2、【参考答案】C

　　[考点]事实细节题【精析】C 由第二段倒数后三句可知，当价格上涨，人们的需求量就会下降;反之，若价格下降，商品的需求量就会上升。也就是说，商品价格和市场需求量成反比的关系。

　　3、【参考答案】D

　　[考点]事实细节题

　　【精析】D 由第三段第一、二句可知，商家在制定价格时要考虑市场的供求因素，另外他们要寻求一个能够使供求平衡的平衡点。

　　4、【参考答案】B

　　[考点]事实细节题

　　【精析】B 由文章末句可知，生产商和消费者能够在这个平衡点上达成一致，是因为这个价格对两者都有益。